Knee Conditions

The knee is one of the most complex and load-bearing joints in the body. Osteoarthritis, meniscal tears, ligament injuries and cartilage damage can often be treated effectively — or surgery can be deferred — through non-surgical regenerative modalities.

Knee Osteoarthritis: What "Calcification" Really Means

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease marked by progressive cartilage wear, subchondral bone changes and intra-articular inflammation. Despite the popular term, it isn't calcium deposition — it's cartilage loss and joint-architecture disruption. Common symptoms: pain, swelling, morning stiffness and movement-related pain.

Imaging findings and clinical symptoms don't always match — some patients with marked MRI cartilage loss describe only mild symptoms, while others with relatively mild imaging suffer severe pain. Imaging alone never dictates the plan; age, activity level, expectations and overall health are considered together.

Treatment Options

PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma): centrifuged from the patient's own blood, rich in growth factors (PDGF, TGF-β, IGF-1), injected into the joint. PRP reduces inflammation, activates chondrocytes and improves the synovial environment. Clinically supported in early-moderate OA, with 6–12-month improvements in pain and function scores.

Hyaluronic acid (viscosupplementation): HA, a key component of healthy synovial fluid, declines and thins with age. Exogenous HA temporarily restores lubrication, improves shock absorption and has anti-inflammatory effects.

Intra-articular ozone: anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective; effective alone or combined with PRP. Particularly useful for rapid relief during acute flares.

Stem cell and exosome therapy: advanced regenerative approaches for advanced cases or for patients pursuing an aggressive regenerative strategy. Mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes support cartilage microenvironment and activate tissue repair.

Mesotherapy: targets muscle spasm and myofascial pain around the joint, complementing intra-articular treatments and improving early-phase function.

Course and Eligibility

Individualised plans for early-moderate OA, chronic knee pain, meniscal wear and patients seeking an alternative to surgery. MRI and clinical exam guide choice of modality, frequency and number of sessions. Exercise prescription and lifestyle advice always accompany treatment.